SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science

Register      Login

VOLUME 4 , ISSUE 1 ( January-March, 2021 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Cardiovascular Risk in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Role of Thyroid Autoimmunity

Rajarajeswari Ranganadane, Saravanakumar S Sumathi, Srinivasan Abu Raghavan, Asmathulla Shafiulla, Girija Subramanian, Maithili Karpaga Selvi Nachimuthu

Citation Information : Ranganadane R, Sumathi SS, Raghavan SA, Shafiulla A, Subramanian G, Nachimuthu MK. Cardiovascular Risk in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Role of Thyroid Autoimmunity. 2021; 4 (1):20-22.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10082-03106

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-03-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease synonymous with hypothyroidism. The link between hypothyroidism and the risk of cardiovascular diseases is of contemporary interest. Studies have indicated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction in HT patients. HT per se might possess a role in atherosclerosis. Association of HT with dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction has been documented. However, the role of thyroid autoimmunity in promoting cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. Further studies unraveling the causal relationship between HT and cardiovascular disease would provide greater insight into the management of atherogenic complications observed in HT patients.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Yang M, Du C, Wang Y, Liu J. CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells are associated with insulin resistance in type I Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Chinese females. Exp Ther Med 2017;14(4):3887–3893. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4925.
  2. Cunha CA, Neves C, Neves JS, Oliveira SC, Sokhatska O, Dias C, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Rev Port Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2017;12(2):133–141. DOI:10.1530/endoabs.49.gp199.
  3. Sood N, Nigam JS. Correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology findings with thyroid function test in cases of lymphocytic thyroiditis. J Thyroid Res 2014;2014:430510. DOI:10.1155/2014/430510.
  4. Lu M, Yang CB, Gao L, Zhao JJ. Mechanism of subclinical hypothyroidism accelerating endothelial dysfunction (review). Exp Ther Med 2015;9(1):3–10. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2037.
  5. Duntas LH. Thyroid disease and lipids. Thyroid 2002;12(4):287–293. DOI: 10.1089/10507250252949405.
  6. Farhangi MA, Eshraghian M, Keshavarz SA, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. Thyroid stimulating hormone, triiodotyronine and thyroxine concentrations and their relationship with metabolic parameters, anthropometric variables and body composition in premenopausal euthyroid obese women. Turk J Endocrinol Metab 2015;19(1):1–6. DOI: 10.4274/tjem.2562.
  7. Türemen EE, Çetinarslan B, Şahin T, Cantürk Z, Tarkun İ. Endothelial dysfunction and low grade chronic inflammation in subclinical hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis. Endocr J 2011;58(5):349–354. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-333.
  8. Siemińska L, Wojciechowska C, Walczak K, Borowski A, Marek B, Nowak M, et al. Associations between metabolic syndrome, serum thyrotropin, and thyroid antibodies status in postmenopausal women, and the role of interleukin-6. Endokrynol Pol 2015;66(5):394–403. DOI: 10.5603/EP.2015.0049.
  9. Farhangi MA, Dehghan P, Tajmiri S. Powdered black cumin seeds strongly improves serum lipids, atherogenic index of plasma and modulates anthropometric features in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Lipids Health Dis 2018;17(1):59. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0704-x.
  10. Asvold BO, Vatten LJ, Nilsen TI, Bjøro T. The association between TSH within the reference range and serum lipid concentrations in a population-based study. The HUNT study. Eur J Endocrinol 2007;156(2):181–186. DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02333.
  11. Tagami T, Tamanaha T, Shimazu S, Honda K, Nanba K, Nomura H, et al. Lipid profiles in untreated patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the effects of thyroxine treatment on subclinical hypothyroidism with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endocr J 2010;57(3):253–258. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k09e-315.
  12. Rodrigues AN, Abreu GR, Resende RS, Goncalves WL, Gouvea SA. Cardiovascular risk factor investigation: a pediatric issue. Int J General Med 2013;6:57–66. DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S41480.
  13. Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R, Appleton D, Brewis M, Clark F, et al. Lipid profiles and cardiovascular disease in the Whickham area with particular reference to thyroid failure. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1977;7(6):495–508. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01341.x.
  14. Tamer G, Mert M, Tamer I, Mesci B, Kiliç D, Arik S. Effects of thyroid autoimmunity on abdominal obesity and hyperlipidemia. Pol J Endocrinol 2011;62(5):421–428. PMID: 22069103
  15. Topaloglu O, Gokay F, Kucukler K, Burnik FS, Mete T, Yavuz HC, et al. Is autoimmune thyroiditis a risk factor for early atherosclerosis in premenopausal women even if in euthyroid status? Endocrine 2013;44(1):145–151. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9842-5.
  16. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 2000;132(4):270–278. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00004.
  17. Uzunlulu M, Yorulmaz E, Oguz A. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with metabolic syndrome. Endocrine J 2007;54(1):71–76. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k06-124.
  18. Shantha GP, Kumar AA, Jeyachandran V, Rajamanickam D, Rajkumar K, Salim S, et al. Association between primary hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome and the role of C reactive protein: a cross-sectional study from South India. Thyroid Res 2009;2(1):2. DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-2-2.
  19. Volpe R. Autoimmune thyroiditis. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, editors. Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co.;1991. p. 921–941.
  20. Sultan A, Strodthoff D, Robertson AK, Paulsson-Berne G, Fauconnier J, Parini P, et al. T cell-mediated inflammation in adipose tissue does not cause insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic mice. Circ Res 2009;104(8):961–968. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.190280.
  21. Laufs U, La Fata V, Plutzky J, Liao JK. Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation 1998;97(12):1129–1135. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.97.12.1129.
  22. Ito A, Tsao PS, Adimoolam S, Kimoto M, Ogawa T, Cooke JP. Novel mechanism for endothelial dysfunction: dysregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation 1999;99(24):3092–3095. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.24.3092.
  23. Hingorani AD, Cross J, Kharbanda RK, Mullen MJ, Bhagat K, Taylor M, et al. Acute systemic inflammation impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in humans. Circulation 2000;102(9):994–999. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.102.9.994.
  24. Fichtlscherer S, Rosenberger G, Walter DH, Breuer S, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM. Elevated C-reactive protein levels and impaired endothelial vasoreactivity in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000;102(9):1000–1006. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.102.9.1000.
  25. Kharbanda RK, Walton B, Allen M, Klein N, Hingorani AD, MacAllister RJ, et al. Prevention of inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction: a novel vasculo-protective action of aspirin. Circulation 2002;105(22):2600–2604. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000017863.52347.6c.
  26. Bai X, Sun J, Wang W, Shan Z, Zheng H, Li Y, et al. Increased differentiation of Th22 cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endocr J 2014;61(12):1181–1190. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ14-0265.
  27. Taddei S, Caraccio N, Virdis A, Dardano A, Versari D, Ghiadoni L, et al. Low-grade systemic inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91(12):5076–5082. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1075.
  28. Elshenawy SZ, Hemi MH, Attia H. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and interleukin 15) and adiponectin in Hashimoto's thyroiditis with different thyroid function states. J Am Sci 2011;7(6):1156–1162. ISSN: 1545-1003
  29. Nielsen CH, Brix TH, Leslie RGQ, Hegedüs L. A role for autoantibodies in enhancement of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to a self-antigen, thyroid peroxidase. Clin Immunol 2009;133(2):218–227. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.07.014.
  30. Sieminska L, Wojciechowska C, Kos-Kudla B, Marek B, Kajdaniuk D, Nowak M, et al. Serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 in postmenopausal women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endokrynol Pol 2010;61(1):112–116 . PMID: 20205113
  31. Gagnon A, Langille ML, Chaker S, Antunes TT, Durand J, Sorisky A. TSH signaling pathways that regulate MCP-1 in human differentiated adipocytes. Metabolism 2014;63(6):812–821. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.015.
  32. LeGrys VA, Funk MJ, Lorenz CE, Giri A, Jackson RD, Manson JE, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and risk for incident myocardial infarction among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98(6):2308–2317. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4065.
  33. Yu YT, Ho CT, Hsu HS, Li CI, Davidson LE, Liu CS, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein among adult Taiwanese. Endocrine 2013;44(3):716–722. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9915-0.
  34. Pearce EN, Bogazzi F, Martino E, Brogioni S, Pardini E, Pellegrini G, et al. The prevalence of elevated serum C-reactive protein levels in inflammatory and non-inflammatory thyroid disease. Thyroid 2003;13(7):643–648. DOI: 10.1089/105072503322239989.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.